How does Chapter 17 define 'Purushartha' or true human effort, and what circumstances lead a person to embark on this path?

Chapter 17 defines 'Purushartha,' or true human effort, as the specific act of discarding Preya (the pleasant) in favor of honoring Shreya (the good), stating this is the true purpose of human life. The chapter suggests that this journey is often initiated by suffering. When a person becomes exhausted by the unendurable torments of worldly existence (Samsara), they begin to question how to stop this painful cycle. As described in Chapter 17, when this deep inquiry arises by great fortune, true manhood or Purushartha is born, and the individual starts to choose the successful means for their own ultimate self-interest and liberation.