After Kashiram killed two robbers in self-defense, didn't Maharaj punish him for this violence by having a third thief strike him unconscious with an axe?

The text does not frame the events in this way or suggest that Maharaj punished Kashiram for his violence. As recounted in Chapter 0, Kashiram was attacked by robbers. During the struggle, he picked up a dropped sword and killed two of them. Subsequently, a third thief struck him from behind with an axe, causing him to lose consciousness. This is presented as part of the sequence of the violent robbery, not as a punishment from Maharaj. In fact, Kashiram's profound faith in Maharaj is highlighted by his refusal to go to a hospital afterward, insisting instead on being taken to Shirdi for his recovery.