According to the teachings in this chapter, what is the root cause of human suffering and what is the prescribed solution?

Chapter 23 posits that the soul, in its true state, is beyond the three gunas and is pure Existence-Consciousness-Bliss (Sacchidananda). The root of suffering begins when the soul, deluded by Maya, forgets its true nature and identifies with the body. This leads to pride and the false notion of being the "doer" and "enjoyer," which in turn causes distress from a series of calamities. The only way to calm these calamities and find escape, as stated in this chapter, is through loving devotion (Bhakti Yoga) at the feet of the Guru.